Wireless/untethered power transmission hardware.
One embodiment provides an apparatus for wireless power transmission, comprising: a resonator comprising: a three dimensional structure; and an energy storage mechanism operatively coupled to the three dimensional structure; wherein the three dimensional structure and energy storage mechanism produce standing electromagnetic waves upon driving the resonator. Other systems, methods, apparatuses, and products are described and claimed.
BACKGROUND(1) Wireless power transfer (WPT) includes wireless techniques for providing power to electrical systems, for example, charging batteries, charging battery powered devices, powering electrical devices, and the like. Known WPT techniques require close proximity between the source providing the electrical power and the device being powered. For example, near-field manetoquasistatic (MQS) WPT and inductive charging are capable of charging a device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, toy, or other device having an electrical circuit) by bringing the device within close proximity to a charging source. Common examples of include charging an electric toothbrush in a charging stand, using a power transfer mat to charge a cell phone, and the like. However, these WPT methods require close receiver to transmitter separation as well as precise receiver orientation to accomplish WPT with high efficiency.(2) Other WPT methods include far-field techniques which can provide power to receivers over longer distances. For example, broadcast far-field WPT is capable of transferring power at greater distances, e.g., to a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. However, this broadcast technique is not efficient in that commonly less than 0.1% of the source power is provided to the target device. Additionally, regulations (which vary by jurisdiction) limit the amount of power that can be transferred using such techniques. While point-to-point far-field WPT systems maintain higher end-to-end eff
1. A system for wireless power transmission, comprising: a cavity resonator comprising: a three dimensional structure, wherein the three dimensional structure comprises a room, and at least a portion of the three dimensional structure comprises a conductive material, and at least one energy storage mechanism operatively coupled to the three dimensional structure via a conductive object, wherein the cavity resonator is driven at a frequency associated with a free space wavelength that is larger than the three dimensional structure, and wherein energy transfers between a magnetic field that resides within the three dimensional structure and an electric field that is substantially confined to the at least one energy storage mechanism.
11. A method for wireless power transmission, comprising: selecting a resonant frequency associated with a free space wavelength that is larger than a three dimensional structure, wherein the three dimensional structure comprises a room, and at least a portion of the three dimensional structure comprises a conductive material; and driving, at the resonant frequency, a cavity resonator comprising the three dimensional structure and at least one energy storage mechanism to produce standing electromagnetic waves within the three dimensional structure, wherein the at least one energy storage mechanism is operatively coupled to the three dimensional structure via a conductive object, and wherein, in response to the driving, energy transfers between a magnetic field that resides within the three dimensional structure and an electric field that is substantially confined to the at least one energy storage mechanism.
17. A method for wireless power transmission, comprising: driving a cavity resonator that produces an electromagnetic field in a three dimensional structure operatively coupled to at least one energy storage mechanism via a conductive object, wherein the three dimensional structure comprises a room, and at least a portion of the three dimensional structure comprises a conductive material, wherein the cavity resonator is driven at a resonant frequency associated with a free space wavelength that is larger than the three dimensional structure, and wherein energy transfers between a magnetic field that resides within the three dimensional structure and an electric field that is substantially confined to the at least one energy storage mechanism; tuning at least one receiver to the resonant frequency; and coupling the at least one receiver to the cavity resonator to produce a coupled system, wherein the coupled system transfers electromagnetic energy of the electromagnetic field between the cavity resonator and the at least one receiver.